The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a network of smart devices that extensively exchange data. The rapid growth of this technology, alongside its many benefits, has also created major challenges in the areas of security and privacy. Traditional cybersecurity methods, due to their centralized structure and vulnerability to emerging threats, are insufficient for protecting the IoT ecosystem. In this context, blockchain technology, with features such as decentralization, transparency, immutability, and distributed consensus, has emerged as an innovative solution for enhancing security and trust in IoT. Using a library-based and analytical research method, this paper examines the role of blockchain in improving security and privacy within the multi-layer architecture of IoT. After reviewing the security challenges, the capabilities of blockchain in addressing these challenges are explained. In addition, a conceptual framework for integrating these two technologies is presented, and the findings of recent studies in this field are analyzed. The results indicate that blockchain can make data tampering more difficult, strengthen identity management, and limit unauthorized access. Finally, suggestions for future work include the use of lightweight consensus algorithms and improvements in scalability.
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